Notation & code

Chapter text, exam papers and rubric tables are Markdown. Two things get special handling, and both are used sparingly where they earn their place.

Mathematics

TeX is written inline as $T(n) = O(n \log n)$ or as a display block:

$$L(\theta) = -\frac{1}{N}\sum_{i=1}^{N} \Big[ y_i \log \hat{y}_i + (1 - y_i)\log(1 - \hat{y}_i) \Big]$$

Multi-line derivations use \begin{aligned} inside the block:

$$\begin{aligned} T(n) &= 2\,T\!\left(\tfrac{n}{2}\right) + cn \\ &= cn \log_2 n + \Theta(n) \end{aligned}$$

Symbol	Meaning	Where it is used
$O(f)$	asymptotic upper bound	CS101, CS202
$\Theta(f)$	tight bound	CS101
$\sigma^2$	variance of a sampling estimator	FTM302

Caution

Do not write a currency amount between dollar signs — $20 opens a math span that never closes, and it swallows the rest of the paragraph. Write \$20 or 20 USD.

Code

Every code block carries the language, and where it is a real file, its name:

stack.py

def is_balanced(text: str) -> bool:
    pairs = {')': '(', ']': '[', '}': '{'}
    stack = []
    for ch in text:
        if ch in pairs and (not stack or stack.pop() != pairs[ch]):
            return False
    return not stack

Line markers ({5}) and inserted/deleted markers (ins=, del=) are available for code review material — see the CS301 refactoring chapters for the pattern in use. Blocks are copyable, and long lines scroll rather than wrap.